Variable desiccant control energy exchange system and method

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system and method for providing conditioned air to at least one enclosed structure. The system may include at least one conditioning module configured to provide conditioned air to the at least one enclosed structure. The conditioning module(s) may include a conditioning energy exchanger. The conditioning module(s) is configured to circulate desiccant through a desiccant circuit to condition air passing through the conditioning energy exchanger. The conditioning module(s) may be configured to receive at least one of concentrated desiccant or diluted desiccant in order to vary temperature or concentration of the desiccant circulating through the desiccant circuit.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to an energyexchange system for conditioning air in an enclosed structure, and moreparticularly, to a system and method for adjusting, varying, orotherwise controlling parameters of a liquid desiccant within the energyexchange system.

Enclosed structures, such as occupied buildings, factories and the like,generally include a heating/ventilation/air conditioning (HVAC) systemfor conditioning outdoor ventilated and/or recirculated air. The HVACsystem typically includes a supply air flow path and an exhaust air flowpath. The supply air flow path receives pre-conditioned air, for exampleoutside air or outside air mixed with re-circulated air, and channelsand distributes the pre-conditioned air into the enclosed structure. Thepre-conditioned air is conditioned by the HVAC system to provide adesired temperature and humidity of supply air discharged into theenclosed structure. The exhaust air flow path discharges air back to theenvironment outside the structure. Without energy recovery, conditioningthe supply air typically requires a significant amount of auxiliaryenergy, particularly in environments having extreme outside airconditions that are much different than the required supply airtemperature and humidity. Accordingly, energy exchange or recoverysystems are used to recover energy from the exhaust air flow path.

Conventional energy exchange systems may utilize energy recovery devices(for example, energy wheels and permeable plate exchangers) or heatexchange devices (for example, heat wheels, plate exchangers, heat-pipeexchangers and run-around heat exchangers) positioned in both the supplyair flow path and the return air flow path. Liquid-to-air membraneenergy exchangers (LAMEEs) may be fluidly coupled so that a desiccantliquid flows between the LAMEEs in a run-around loop, similar torun-around heat exchangers that typically use aqueous glycol as acoupling fluid.

Typically, a conventional HVAC system is sized depending on cooling,heating, and ventilation peak loads of a particular enclosed structure.In some systems, a constant air volume is supplied to each room withinan enclosed structure. As such, a temperature of the air supplied toeach room is generally similar. In other systems, the air volume may bevaried, through dampers, supply paths, exhaust paths and the like. Forexample, output from cool and warm air paths may be mixed in order tovary the temperature of a particular room.

Typically, however, while known systems may be able to vary temperaturewithin separate and distinct rooms, zones, or spaces, humidity generallycannot be independently controlled. Yet, different rooms, zones, orspaces may have different humidity levels based on latent loading (forexample, the number of people within each particular zone), and/ordifferent humidity level requirements. Yet, in known systems, whenhumidity is varied, the humidity level of all of the rooms is generallychanged accordingly. Additionally, known systems may utilize relativelyhigh levels of energy in order to alter temperature and/or humidity.Further, known systems typically cool air to dew point in order toremove moisture. As such, in order to alter humidity levels, the airsupplied to a room may be lower than desired, and may often require anadditional heating device to raise the level of supplied air. Becauseadditional heating devices may be used, more energy may be used tocondition the air that is supplied to the room.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system forproviding conditioned air to at least one enclosed structure. The systemmay include at least one conditioning module comprising a conditioningenergy exchanger configured to provide conditioned air to the at leastone enclosed structure. The conditioning module(s) is configured tocirculate desiccant to condition air passing through the conditioningmodule(s). The conditioning module(s) is configured to receive one orboth of warm concentrated desiccant or cool diluted desiccant in orderto vary the temperature and/or concentration of the desiccantcirculating through the conditioning module(s). Optionally, theconditioning module(s) may be configured to receive one or both of coolconcentrated desiccant or warm diluted desiccant in order to vary thetemperature and/or concentration of the desiccant circulating throughthe conditioning module(s). The conditioning module(s) may include aconditioning liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger (LAMEE) configuredto circulate the desiccant and condition the air.

The conditioning module may include a warm tap line connecting a heatexchanger of the conditioning module(s) to a warm loop configured tocirculate the warm concentrated desiccant therethrough, a cool tap lineconnecting the heat exchanger to a cool loop configured to circulate thecool diluted desiccant therethrough. The conditioning module(s) may alsoor alternatively include at least one desiccant mixing chamberconfigured to receive the desiccant, a warm tap line connected to themixing chamber, and a cool tap line connected to the mixing chamber. Thedesiccant mixing chamber may be configured to receive one or both of thewarm concentrated desiccant from the warm tap line or the cool diluteddesiccant from the cool tap line and mix the desiccant therewith.

The system may also include a desiccant regeneration module configuredto regenerate the desiccant. The desiccant regeneration module mayinclude a regeneration LAMEE configured to regenerate the desiccant. Thesystem may also include a heat source operatively connected to thedesiccant regeneration module. The heat source is configured to exchangesensible energy with the desiccant flowing through the desiccantregeneration module. The system may also include a heating moduleoperatively connected to the desiccant regeneration module through aheat pump. The system may also include a control sub-system configuredto control variation of the temperature and concentration of thedesiccant. The system may also include a water source configured todilute the desiccant. The system may also include a bypass ductconfigured to bypass airflow around the at least one conditioningmodule.

The at least one conditioning module may include a plurality ofconditioning and/or filtration modules. Each of the plurality ofconditioning modules may be operatively connected to one of a pluralityof enclosed structures. A regeneration module may be operativelyconnected to each of the plurality of conditioning modules. A desiccantconnection conduit may connect at least one of the plurality ofconditioning modules to at least another of the plurality ofconditioning modules.

The system may also include a warm loop configured to circulate the warmconcentrated desiccant therethrough, and a cool loop configured tocirculate the cool diluted desiccant therethrough. A heat pump may beoperatively connected between the warm and cool loops.

The system may also include a concentrated desiccant storage tankconnected to the warm loop. The concentrated desiccant storage tank maybe configured to provide additional concentrated desiccant to the warmloop.

Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a method ofproviding conditioned air to at least one enclosed structure. The methodmay include monitoring a temperature of air within the enclosedstructure(s), monitoring a humidity level of the air within the enclosedstructure(s), conditioning the air within the enclosed structure(s) withat least one conditioning module, wherein the conditioning operationincludes exchanging sensible and latent energy between the air anddesiccant that circulates through the conditioning module(s),controlling the temperature of the desiccant based on the monitoring atemperature operation, and controlling the concentration of thedesiccant based on the monitoring a humidity level operation.

The method may include circulating warm concentrated desiccant through awarm loop that connects to the conditioning module(s), and circulatingcool diluted desiccant through a cool loop that connects to theconditioning module(s). Additionally, the method may include exchangingsensible energy between the warm and cool loops through a heat pumpconnected therebetween. Additional concentrated desiccant may beprovided to the warm loop through a concentrated desiccant storage tank.

The controlling the concentration operation may include mixing one orboth of the warm concentrated desiccant from the warm loop or the cooldiluted desiccant from the cool loop with the desiccant in a mixingchamber of the at least one conditioning module. The controlling thetemperature operation may include exchanging sensible energy between thedesiccant within the conditioning module(s) with one or both of the ofthe warm concentrated desiccant from the warm loop or the cool diluteddesiccant from the cool loop.

The method may also include regenerating the warm concentrated desiccantwith a desiccant regeneration module. Further, the method may includeheating a fluid with a heat source, and exchanging sensible energybetween the desiccant flowing through the desiccant regeneration moduleand the fluid. The method may also include operatively connecting aheating module to the desiccant regeneration module through a heat pump.

The method may also include diluting the desiccant with water from awater source. Further, the method may include bypassing airflow aroundthe conditioning module(s). The method may also include connecting firstand second conditioning modules with a desiccant connection conduit, andtransferring the desiccant between the first and second conditioningmodules through the desiccant connection conduit.

It is to be understood that the systems and methods may be used withwarm concentrated desiccant, cool concentrated desiccant, warm diluteddesiccant, and/or cool diluted desiccant, and various desiccantstherebetween.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an energy exchange system,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a side perspective view of a liquid-to-air membraneenergy exchanger, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of panels within an energy exchangecavity of a liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger, according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system, accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system, accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system, accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system, accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system, accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic of an enclosed structure, according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of a method of providing conditionedair to an enclosed structure, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description ofcertain embodiments will be better understood when read in conjunctionwith the appended drawings. As used herein, an element or step recitedin the singular and proceeded with the word “a” or “an” should beunderstood as not excluding plural of said elements or steps, unlesssuch exclusion is explicitly stated. Furthermore, references to “oneembodiment” are not intended to be interpreted as excluding theexistence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recitedfeatures. Moreover, unless explicitly stated to the contrary,embodiments “comprising” or “having” an element or a plurality ofelements having a particular property may include additional suchelements not having that property.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods ofcontrolling parameters, such as temperature and concentration, ofdesiccant supplied to conditioning modules that are configured to supplyconditioned air to one or more enclosed structures. For example,embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods ofaltering, adjusting, changing, varying, or otherwise controlling thetemperature and/or concentration of desiccant supplied to a conditioningmodule. By controlling the parameters of desiccant supplied toconditioning modules, embodiments of the present disclosure are able toefficiently adjust temperature and humidity levels within one or moreenclosed structures.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an energy exchange system 100,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 isconfigured to partly or fully condition air supplied to an enclosedstructure 101. The system 100 may include a conditioning module 102 influid communication with the enclosed structure 101, a desiccantregeneration module 104, a warm concentrated desiccant loop 106 (the“warm loop”) in fluid communication with the conditioning module 102 andthe desiccant regeneration module 104, a cool diluted desiccant loop 108(the “cool loop”) in fluid communication with the conditioning module102 and the desiccant regeneration module 104, a water supply 110 influid communication with the cool water loop 108, and a controlsub-system 112. It is to be understood that the components of the system100 are drawn for clarity and simplicity, but are not drawn to scale.

The conditioning module 102 and the desiccant regeneration module 104may be secured to various portions of the enclosed structure 101. Forexample, the conditioning module 102 and the desiccant regenerationmodule 104 may be mounted on a roof of the enclosed structure 101,secured outside of the enclosed structure 101, positioned within plenumsor interior chambers of the enclosed structure 101, and/or the like.Similarly, the warm loop 106 and the cool loop 108 may include sealedconduits, for example, secured outside or inside the enclosed structure101. The control sub-system 112 may be located within the enclosedstructure 101, and is in operative communication with the conditioningmodule 102 and the desiccant regeneration module 104. Alternatively, thecontrol sub-system 112 may be remotely located from the enclosedstructure 101.

The warm loop 106 may circulate warm concentrated desiccanttherethrough. As an example, the temperature of the concentrateddesiccant within the warm loop 106 may be 20° C. or greater, while thetemperature of the concentrated desiccant within the cool loop 108 maybe less than 20° C. Additionally, the desiccant concentration in thewarm loop 106 may be 30% or greater, while the desiccant concentrationin the cool loop 108 may be less than 30%. As one example, thetemperature of the concentrated desiccant within the warm loop 106 maybe between 25°-28° C., while the desiccant concentration may be between30-50%. The cool loop 108 may circulate cool, diluted desiccanttherethrough. As an example, the temperature of the diluted desiccantwithin the cool loop 108 may be between 15°-18° C., while the desiccantconcentration may be between 10-15%. However, it is to be understoodthat the temperatures and concentrations noted are merely examples, andare in no way limiting. For example, the threshold temperature betweencool and hot may be greater or less than 20° C., while the thresholdconcentration between concentrated and diluted may be greater or lessthan 30%. In general, the desiccant within the warm loop 106 may be at ahigher temperature and higher concentration than the desiccant withinthe cool loop 108. While not shown, each of the warm loop 106 and thecool loop 108 may include one or more pumps disposed therein thatcirculate the desiccants therethrough.

The warm and cool loops 106 and 108 may be formed of pipes, such asflexible tubing, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or the like. The diameters ofthe pipe may be between ½″-¾″, for example.

The enclosed structure 101 may be an enclosed space within a building,for example, and includes a temperature sensor 114, such as a digitalthermometer, and a humidity sensor 116, such as a digital humidistat,that are in communication with the control sub-system 112. As such, thecontrol sub-system 112 is configured to monitor the temperature and thehumidity level within the enclosed structure 101 through the temperatureand humidity sensors 114 and 116, respectively. While shown as separateand distinct sensors, the temperature and humidity sensors 114 and 116may optionally be contained within a common housing.

A supply air path 118 connects an air inlet 120 of the enclosedstructure 101 to an air outlet 122 of the conditioning module 102.Similarly, a return air path 126 connects an air outlet 128 of theenclosed structure 101 to an air inlet 130 of the conditioning module102. The supply air path 118 and the return air path 126 may beconduits, pipes, ducts, and/or the like that are configured to channelair therethrough. As shown in FIG. 1, conditioned air is supplied fromthe conditioning module 102 to the enclosed structure 101 through thesupply air path 118. Return air from the enclosed structure is returnedto the conditioning module 102 via the return air path 126. Theconditioning module 102 conditions the return air to desired conditions,including a desired temperature and humidity, and provides theconditioned air to the enclosed structure 101 through the supply airpath 118. While shown as a closed loop, in which supply air is providedto the enclosed structure 101 and returned to the conditioning module102, it is to be understood that outside air may also be mixed with thereturn air that is supplied to the conditioning module 102.Alternatively, instead of a return air path, the enclosed structure 101may include an exhaust air path that vents exhaust air to theatmosphere, instead of recirculating the air back to the conditioningmodule 102.

The conditioning module 102 may include a conditioning energy exchanger,such as a conditioning liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger (LAMEE)132 connected to the air outlet 122 and the air inlet 130. That is, theconditioning LAMEE 132 may have an air outlet in fluid communicationwith the air outlet 122, and an air inlet in fluid communication withthe air inlet 130. The conditioning LAMEE 132 is configured to receivethe return air from the enclosed structure 101, condition the air, andsupply the conditioned air to the enclosed structure 101. As explainedbelow, the conditioning LAMEE 132 may include a plurality of airchannels separated by desiccant channels. Desiccant flows through thedesiccant channels and exchanges sensible and latent energy with airflowing through the air channels. In this manner, the air may beconditioned.

The conditioning LAMEE 132 is in fluid communication with a desiccantcircuit 134 including piping, conduits, or the like configured tocirculate liquid desiccant therethrough. Various types of liquiddesiccant may be circulated through the system 100 and the desiccantcircuit 134, including lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, lithiumbromide, calcium chloride, glycol, and the like. The conditioning LAMEE132 includes a desiccant inlet 136 and a desiccant outlet 138 incommunication with the desiccant circuit 134.

The desiccant circuit 134 includes a conduit 140 that connects thedesiccant outlet 138 to a desiccant storage tank 141. A conduit 142connects the desiccant storage tank 141 to a desiccant mixing chamber,such as a desiccant mixing manifold 144. A conduit 143 connects thedesiccant mixing manifold 144 to an inlet 145 of a heat exchanger 146. Aconduit 149 connects an outlet 147 of the heat exchanger 146 to thedesiccant inlet 136 of the conditioning LAMEE 132. One or more pumps 151may be disposed within the desiccant circuit 134 to pump the desiccanttherethrough.

The heat exchanger 146 includes a desiccant line 150 that connects theinlet 145 to the outlet 147. The heat exchanger 146 also includes a loopline 148 that connects to a cool tap line 152, a warm tap line 154, acool return line 156, and a warm return line 158. The cool tap line 152may connect to the cool loop 108 through a valve 160. The warm tap line154 may connect to the warm loop 106 through a valve 162. The coolreturn line 156 may connect to the cool loop 108 through a valve 164,while the warm return line 158 may connect to the warm loop 106 througha valve 166. The control sub-system 112 may be in operativecommunication with each of the valves 160, 162, 164, and 166. Thecontrol sub-system 112 may be configured to operate the valves 160, 162,164, and 166 in order to allow cool diluted and/or warm concentrateddesiccant from the cool loop 108 and the warm loop 106, respectively, topass into the loop line 148. While shown as separate and distinct linesconnecting directly to the loop line 148, the cool tap line 152 and thewarm tap line 154 may alternatively connect to a common conduit thatdirectly connects to the loop line 148. Similarly, the loop line 148 mayalternatively include a single outlet that branches off to each of thewarm line 106 and the cool line 108.

The mixing manifold 144 may include an inlet conduit 170 that connectsto a warm tap line 172 and a cool tap line 174. The warm tap line 172may connect to the warm loop 106 through a valve 176, while the cool tapline 174 may connect to the cool loop 108 through a valve 178. Thecontrol sub-system 112 may be configured to operate the valves 176 and178 in order to allow cool diluted and/or warm concentrated desiccantfrom the cool loop 108 and the warm loop 106, respectively, to pass intothe mixing manifold 144. While the inlet conduit 170 is shown asconnecting to each of the warm tap line 172 and the cool tap line 174,each of the warm tap line 172 and the cool tap line 174 mayalternatively connect directly and separately to separate inlets of themixing manifold 144.

In operation, the control sub-system 112 detects the temperature andhumidity levels of the enclosed structure 101 through the temperatureand humidity sensors 114 and 116, respectively. Depending on desiredtemperature and humidity levels, the control sub-system 112 may controlparameters of the desiccant within the desiccant circuit 134. Forexample, the control sub-system 112 may alter the temperature and/orconcentration of the desiccant.

In order to control the temperature of the desiccant, the controlsub-system 112 may selectively open and close certain valves in order toallow warm or cool desiccant into the heat exchanger 146. For example,if the temperature of the desiccant is to be increased, the controlsub-system 112 may open the valve 162 in order to allow warmconcentrated desiccant to pass through the loop line 148. As thetemperature of the desiccant within the loop line 148 increases, thetemperature of the desiccant within the desiccant line 150 increases.That is, the sensible energy of the warmer desiccant within the loopline 148 is transferred to the desiccant circulating through thedesiccant line 150, thereby increasing the temperature of the desiccantthat is supplied to the conditioning LAMEE 132. The higher temperaturedesiccant within the conditioning LAMEE 132 transfers sensible energy tothe air within the conditioning LAMEE 132, thereby providing highertemperature supply air to the enclosed structure 101.

Conversely, if the temperature of the desiccant is to be decreased, thecontrol sub-system 112 may open the valve 160 in order to allow cooldiluted desiccant to pass through the loop line 148. As the temperatureof the desiccant within the loop line 148 decreases, the temperature ofthe desiccant within the desiccant line 150 decreases. That is, thesensible energy of the cooler desiccant within the loop line 148 isexchanged with the desiccant circulating through the desiccant line 150,thereby decreasing the temperature of the desiccant that is supplied tothe conditioning LAMEE 132. The lower temperature desiccant within theconditioning LAMEE 132 exchanges sensible energy with the air within theconditioning LAMEE 132, thereby providing lower temperature supply airto the enclosed structure 101.

The control sub-system 112 may selectively open and close both thevalves 162 and 160 between fully-open and fully-closed positions.Accordingly, the control sub-system 112 may modulate the temperature andconcentration of the desiccant passing through the loop line 148 betweenfully warm/hot and fully cool/cold temperatures. In this manner, thecontrol sub-system 112 may fine tune the temperature and concentrationof the desiccant flowing through the conditioning LAMEE 132.

As described above, the control sub-system 112 may vary the temperatureof the desiccant flowing through the conditioning LAMEE 132 by way ofthe controlling the temperature of desiccant that passes through theheat exchanger 146. Additionally, as described below, the controlsub-system 112 may vary the concentration of the desiccant flowingthrough the conditioning LAMEE 132 in order to control the latent energyof the desiccant.

In order to increase the latent energy of the desiccant, the controlsub-system 112 may open the valves 176 or 178 in order to allow warmconcentrated or cool diluted desiccant to mix within the desiccantwithin the mixing manifold 144. Either warm concentrated desiccant orcool diluted desiccant may be used to alter the concentration of thedesiccant within the mixing manifold 144. The control sub-system 112 mayselect either or both of warm and cool desiccant, depending on thedesired temperature and concentration of the desiccant to be circulatedthrough the conditioning LAMEE 132. The desiccant 140 may be stored inthe desiccant storage 140 and pass from the desiccant storage 140 to themixing manifold 144 by way of the conduit 142. In order to dilute thedesiccant in order to increase its latent energy, the control sub-system112 may divert cool diluted desiccant directly from the cool loop 108into the mixing manifold. In order to increase the concentration of thedesiccant, the control sub-system 112 may channel concentrated desiccantfrom the warm loop 106 directly into the mixing manifold 144. Thedesiccant mixes in the mixing manifold, and the mixed desiccant is thencirculated to the conditioning LAMEE 132, as described above.

For example, a target desiccant concentration of 30% may be desired. Thediluted desiccant may have a concentration of 20%, while theconcentrated desiccant may have a concentration of 40%. In order toachieve the desired concentration, the diluted desiccant is mixed withthe concentrated desiccant. The diluted and concentrated desiccants maybe mixed in various parts to achieve a particular desiccant at aparticular temperature. The concentration percentages noted are merelyexemplary. Various desiccant concentrations may be used to achieve adesired target desiccant concentration at a desired temperature.

The control sub-system 112 may be operatively connected to variouscomponents of the system 100, such as the valves, through wired and/orwireless connections. Alternatively, the system 100 may not include thecontrol sub-system 112. Instead, an individual may monitor thetemperature and humidity of the enclosed structure and manually operatethe various valves.

As noted above, the system 100 may also include the water source 110.The cool water loop 108 is in fluid communication with a water source110 through a water input line 180. A valve 182 may be disposed betweenthe water input line 180 and the water source 110. The controlsub-system 112, for example, may control the valve 182 in order to allowfresh, purified water to be selectively input into the cool loop 108, inorder to further cool the desiccant flowing therethrough and/or furtherdilute its concentration. The water source 110 may be a reverse osmosiswater purification system configured to add purified water to the coolloop 108. Optionally, the water source 110 may also be connected to thewarm loop 106.

As noted above, the system 100 may also include the regeneration module104. The regeneration module 104 may be configured to regenerate thedesiccant circulating through the warm loop 106. The regeneration module104 includes a regeneration energy exchanger, such as a regenerationLAMEE 190, having an air inlet conduit 192 and an air outlet conduit194. Outside air enters the regeneration LAMEE 190 through the air inletconduit 192. The outside air passes through the regeneration LAMEE 190and exchanges energy with desiccant circulating through the regenerationLAMEE 190. The air then passes through the regeneration LAMEE 190 and isexhausted through the air outlet conduit 194.

The regeneration LAMEE 190 includes a desiccant outlet 196 connected toa desiccant circuit 198 and a desiccant inlet 200 connected to thedesiccant circuit 198. The desiccant circuit 198 may include one or morepumps 202 disposed therein that are configured to circulate desiccantthrough the desiccant circuit 198. A heat exchanger 204 is disposedwithin the desiccant circuit 198 and includes a desiccant line 206 and aheat line 208 connected to a heat source 210. The heat source 210 may beany type of device configured to supply heated energy to the heat line208. For example, the heat source 210 may be a boiler that provides hotwater or steam to the heat line 208, a source of natural gas, geothermalenergy, solar energy, and/or the like. The heat source 210 provides heatenergy to the heat line 208 that is then transferred to the desiccantwithin the desiccant line 206. As the temperature of the desiccantincreases, the desiccant releases moisture (e.g., latent energy) intothe air within the regeneration LAMEE 190. As such, the concentration ofthe desiccant increases. The concentrated desiccant, having an increasedtemperature, passes out of the regeneration LAMEE 190 through thedesiccant outlet 196 and passes through a heat exchanger 212, beforebeing supplied back to the warm loop 106. Within the heat exchanger 212,the regenerated desiccant exchanges sensible and latent energy withdesiccant entering the regeneration module 104. A portion of the heat ofthe desiccant flowing out through the heat exchanger 212 is transferredto the desiccant flowing into the regeneration module 104 through theheat exchanger 212, thereby maintaining desiccant of increased heatwithin the regeneration module 104. Alternatively, the regenerationmodule 104 may not include the heat exchanger 212.

The regeneration module 104 may be connected to the warm loop 106through an inlet conduit 220 and an outlet conduit 222, each of whichmay be connected to the warm loop 106 through a valve 224. As describedabove, the control sub-system 112, or an individual, may operativelycontrol the valves 224 to selectively allow/prevent desiccant within thewarm loop 106 from passing into the regeneration module 104.

As described above, the system 100 may be used to vary, altered, adapt,change, or otherwise control parameters or characteristics of desiccantflowing through the conditioning module 102. For example, the system 100may alter or vary the temperature and/or concentration of the desiccantflowing through the conditioning module 102. Because the temperature andconcentration of the desiccant may be actively controlled, the system100 provides a variable desiccant control system and method that is ableto efficiently control the temperature and humidity of air supplied tothe enclosed structure 101.

Alternatively, the conditioning module 102 may include one or more threeway valves operatively connected to one or more conditioning LAMEEs 132.The three way valves may be selectively operated to open and close fluidconnections with the warm and cool loops 106 and 108. In this manner,desiccant may be continually circulated within the desiccant circuit 134without intervention from either the warm or cool loops 106 and 108.

While the system 100 is shown with respect to the enclosed structure101, the system 100 may be used with respect to multiple enclosedstructures or zones. For example, each enclosed structure may include aseparate and distinct conditioning module, as described above. Eachconditioning module may be operatively connected to a centralregeneration module. Alternatively, a single conditioning module andregeneration module may be operatively connected to multiple enclosedstructures or zones, each of which includes separate and distincttemperature and humidity sensors.

As noted above, the system 100 may or may not include the controlsub-system 100. Additionally, the system 100 may alternatively notinclude either the water source 110 and/or the regeneration module 104.

The control sub-system 112 may be contained within a workstation thatmay be or otherwise include one or more computing devices, such asstandard computer hardware. The control sub-system 112 may include oneor more control units, such as processing devices that may include oneor more microprocessors, microcontrollers, integrated circuits, memory,such as read-only and/or random access memory, and the like.

The control sub-system 112 may be operatively connected to a display,such as a cathode ray tube display, a flat panel display, such as aliquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, aplasma display, or any other type of monitor. The control sub-system 112may be configured to calculate temperature and humidity levels of airwithin the enclosed structure, various desiccant characteristics orparameters, and the like, and to show such information the display.

The control sub-system 112 may include any suitable computer-readablemedia used for data storage. The computer-readable media are configuredto store information that may be interpreted by the control sub-system112. The information may be data or may take the form ofcomputer-executable instructions, such as software applications, thatcause a microprocessor or other such control unit within the controlsub-system 112 to perform certain functions and/or computer-implementedmethods. The computer-readable media may include computer storage mediaand communication media. The computer storage media may include volatileand non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media implemented inany method or technology for storage of information such ascomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules orother data. The computer storage media may include, but are not limitedto, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other solid state memorytechnology, CD-ROM, DVD, or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices,or any other medium which may be used to store desired information andthat may be accessed by components of the system.

FIG. 2 illustrates a side perspective view of a LAMEE 300, according toan embodiment of the present disclosure. The LAMEE 300 may be used asthe conditioning LAMEE 132 (shown in FIG. 1) and/or the regenerationLAMEE 190 (shown in FIG. 1). The LAMEE 300 includes a housing 302 havinga body 304. The body 304 includes an air inlet end 306 and an air outletend 308. A top 310 extends between the air inlet end 306 and the airoutlet end 308. A stepped-down top 312 may be positioned at the airinlet end 306. The stepped-down top 312 may be stepped a distance 314from the top 310. A bottom 316 extends between the air inlet end 306 andthe air outlet end 308. A stepped-up bottom 318 may be positioned at theair outlet end 308. The stepped-up bottom 318 may be stepped a distance320 from the bottom 316. In certain embodiments, the stepped-up bottom318 or stepped-down top 312 sections may have different sizes of stepsor no step at all.

An air inlet 322 is positioned at the air inlet end 306. An air outlet324 is positioned at the air outlet end 308. Sides 326 extend betweenthe air inlet 322 and the air outlet 324.

An energy exchange cavity 330 extends through the housing 302 of theLAMEE 300. The energy exchange cavity 330 extends from the air inlet end306 to the air outlet end 308. An air stream 332 is received in the airinlet 322 and flows through the energy exchange cavity 330. The airstream 332 is discharged from the energy exchange cavity 330 at the airoutlet 324. The energy exchange cavity 330 includes a plurality ofpanels 334.

A desiccant inlet reservoir 338 may be positioned on the stepped-upbottom 318. The desiccant inlet reservoir 338 may have a height 340equal to the distance 320 between the bottom 316 and the stepped-upbottom 318. Alternatively, the liquid desiccant inlet reservoir 338 mayhave any height that meets a desired performance of the LAMEE 300. Thedesiccant inlet reservoir 338 extends a length 339 of the LAMEE body304. The length 339 may be configured to meet a desired performance ofthe LAMEE 300. In an embodiment, the desiccant inlet reservoir 338 mayextend no more than one fourth of the length 327 of the LAMEE body 304.Alternatively, the desiccant inlet reservoir 338 may extend along onefifth, for example, of the length 327 of the LAMEE body 304.

The liquid desiccant inlet reservoir 338 is configured to receivedesiccant 341. The desiccant inlet reservoir 338 includes an inlet 342in flow communication with the storage tank 128. The desiccant 341 isreceived through the inlet 342. The desiccant inlet reservoir 338includes an outlet that is in fluid communication with desiccantchannels 376 in the energy exchange cavity 330. The liquid desiccant 341flows through the outlet into the desiccant channels 376. The desiccant341 flows along the panels 334 through the desiccant channels 376 to adesiccant outlet reservoir 346.

The desiccant outlet reservoir 346 may be positioned on the stepped-downtop 312 of the housing 302. Alternatively, the desiccant outletreservoir 346 may be positioned at any location along the top 312 of theLAMEE housing 302 or alternatively on the side of the reservoir with aflow path connected to all the panels. The desiccant outlet reservoir346 has a height 348 that may be equal to the distance 314 between thetop 310 and the stepped-down top 312. The desiccant outlet reservoir 346extends along the top 312 of the LAMEE housing 302 for a length 350. Inan embodiment, the length 350 may be no more than one fourth the length327 of the flow panel exchange area length 302. In another embodiment,the length 350 may be one fifth, for example, the length 327 of thepanel exchange area length 302.

The desiccant outlet reservoir 346 is configured to receive desiccant341 from the desiccant channels 376 in the energy exchange cavity 330.The desiccant outlet reservoir 346 includes an inlet 352 in flowcommunication with the desiccant channels 376. The desiccant 341 isreceived from the desiccant channels 376 through the inlet 352. Thedesiccant outlet reservoir 346 includes an outlet 354. In an alternativeembodiment, the desiccant outlet reservoir 346 may be positioned alongthe bottom 318 of the LAMEE housing 302 and the desiccant inletreservoir 338 may be positioned along the top 310 of the housing 302.

As shown in FIG. 2, the LAMEE 300 includes one liquid desiccant outletreservoir 346 and one liquid desiccant inlet reservoir 338.Alternatively, the LAMEE 300 may include liquid desiccant outletreservoirs 346 and liquid desiccant inlet reservoirs 338 on the top andbottom of each of each end of a LAMEE 300. A liquid flow controller maydirect the liquid flow to either the top or bottom.

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of the panels 334 within the energyexchange cavity 300 of the LAMEE 300, according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The liquid flow panels 334 form a liquid desiccantchannel 376 that may be confined by semi-permeable membranes 378 oneither side and is configured to carry desiccant 341 therethrough. Thesemi-permeable membranes 378 are arranged in parallel to form airchannels 336 with an average flow channel width of 337 and liquiddesiccant channels 376 with an average flow channel width of 377. In anembodiment, the semi-permeable membranes 378 are spaced to form uniformair channels 336 and liquid desiccant channels 376. The air stream 332(shown in FIG. 2) travels through the air channels 336 between thesemi-permeable membranes 378. The desiccant 341 in each desiccantchannel 376 exchanges heat and moisture with the air stream 332 in theair channels 336 through the semi-permeable membranes 378. The airchannels 336 alternate with the liquid desiccant channels 376. Exceptfor the two side panels of the energy exchange cavity, each air channel336 may be positioned between adjacent liquid desiccant channels 376.

In order to minimize or otherwise eliminate the liquid desiccantchannels 376 from outwardly bulging or bowing, membrane supportassemblies may be positioned within the air channels 336. The membranesupport assemblies are configured to support the membranes, as well aspromote turbulent air flow between the air channels 336 and themembranes 378. Membrane support assemblies that may be used in the LAMEE300 are described and shown in U.S. application Ser. No. ______,entitled “Membrane Support Assembly for an Energy Exchanger,” filed______, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.61/692,793, entitled “Membrane Support Assembly for an EnergyExchanger,” filed Aug. 24, 2012, both of which are incorporated byreference in their entireties.

The LAMEE 300 may be a LAMEE as described in WO 2011/161547, entitled“Liquid-To-Air Membrane Energy Exchanger,” filed Jun. 22, 2011, which isalso hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Liquid panelassemblies that may be used in the LAMEE 300 are described and shown inU.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Liquid Panel Assembly,”filed ______, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.61/692,798, entitled “Liquid Panel Assembly,” filed Aug. 24, 2012, bothof which are also incorporated by reference in their entireties.

FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system 400,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The energyexchange system 400 includes a supply air flow path 402 configured toprovide supply air to an enclosed structure 404. The supply air flowpath 402 is configured to channel outside air through a conditioningenergy exchanger, such as a conditioning LAMEE 405, which conditions theoutside air and supplies the conditioned air to the enclosed structure404. An exhaust flow path 406 allows exhaust air to be exhausted fromthe enclosed structure 404.

The conditioning LAMEE 405 includes a desiccant inlet 408 and adesiccant outlet 410. The desiccant inlet 408 is in fluid communicationwith a concentrated desiccant conduit 412 that connects to an outlet ofa regeneration module 414. The desiccant outlet 410 is in fluidcommunication with a diluted desiccant conduit 416 that connects to aninlet of the regeneration module 414. The regeneration module 414conditions desiccant and supplies concentrated desiccant to theconditioning LAMEE 405 and receives diluted desiccant from theconditioning LAMEE 405, similar as described above.

The system 400 may also include a water source 418 having a cool waterinput conduit 420 and a warm water input conduit 422 connected to thedesiccant conduit 412 through valves 424. Optionally, the conduits 420may be directly connected to the desiccant inlet 408 of the conditioningLAMEE 408.

As described above, temperature and humidity sensors within the enclosedstructure may be in communication with a control sub-system (not shownin FIG. 4). The control sub-system or an individual may operativelycontrol the valves 424 in order to provide cool or hot water from thecool water input conduit 420 and the warm water input conduit 422,respectively, in order to dilute the desiccant supplied to theconditioning LAMEE 405. The valves 424 may be modulated between fullyopen and fully closed positions in order to provide water at a widerange of temperatures to the desiccant within the concentrated desiccantconduit 412. As such, the temperature and concentration of the desiccantsupplied to the conditioning LAMEE 405 may be varied.

FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system 500,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 500includes a supply air flow path 502 connected to an enclosed structure504. The supply air flow patch 502 is configured to provide supply airto the enclosed structure 504. An exhaust or return air flow path 506 isalso connected to the enclosed structure 504 and channels exhaust orreturn air from the enclosed structure.

A conditioning energy exchanger, such as a conditioning LAMEE 508 may bedisposed within the supply air flow path 502 upstream from the enclosedstructure 504. The conditioning LAMEE 508 is configured to condition thesupply air that is provided to the enclosed structure 504.

A connecting path 510 may connect the return air flow path 508 to thesupply air flow path 502. The connecting path 510 may connect to thesupply air flow path 502 upstream from the conditioning LAMEE 508. Abypass duct 512 may connect to the supply air flow path 502 and includean inlet 514 upstream from the conditioning LAMEE 508 and an outlet 516downstream from the conditioning LAMEE 508. Dampers 520 may be disposedwithin the supply air flow path 502, the bypass duct 512, and theconnecting path 510. One or more of the dampers 520 may be operated toshunt return air from the return air flow path into the supply air flowpath 502. Further, one or more of the dampers 520 may be operated toshunt air around the conditioning LAMEE 508. For example, all of thesupply air may be directed around the LAMEE 508 within the bypass duct512. Optionally, the one or more dampers 520 may be modulated in orderto bypass a portion of air around the conditioning LAMEE 520. In thismanner, air may be selectively directed through or bypassed around theconditioning LAMEE 508, thereby providing additional control of airsupplied to the enclosed structure 504. The connecting path 510 and thebypass duct 512 may be used with respect to any of the embodiments ofthe present disclosure. A control sub-system, such as the controlsub-system 112 (shown in FIG. 1), may be operatively connected to thedampers 520 in order to control the amount of air that is directed tothe conditioning LAMEE 508.

FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system 600,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 600 issimilar to the system 100 described above, except that, instead of onlyone enclosed structure, the system 600 includes a plurality of enclosedstructures or zones 602, 604, and 606. The enclosed structures 602, 604,and 606 may be separate and distinct buildings, for example, or they maybe separate and distinct rooms or zones within a single building.

Each enclosed structure 602, 604, and 606 may be operatively connectedto a separate and distinct conditioning module 608, each of which may bein fluid communication with a warm loop 610 and a cool loop 612. Thewarm loop 610 may be in fluid communication with a regeneration module614, similar to the regeneration module 104 (shown in FIG. 1). A watersource 616 may be connected to the cool loop 612, as described above.One or more pumps may be disposed within the warm and cool loops 610 and612 in order to circulate desiccant therethrough. A control sub-system618 may operatively control the components of the system 600, asdescribed above with respect to FIG. 1.

In operation, each of the enclosed structures 602, 604, and 606 may besupplied with conditioned supply air from respective conditioningmodules 608. The desiccant temperature and concentration may bemonitored and varied depending on the particular temperature andhumidity levels within each enclosed structure 602. As such, the system600 provides variable conditioning to multiple zones, such as theenclosed structures 602, 604, and 606.

FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system 700,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 700includes a regeneration module 702 connected to a heating module 704through a heat pump 706. The heating module 704 is operatively connectedto the cool loop 708. A water source 710 may also connect to the coolloop 708. One or more conditioning modules 710 of operatively connectedto one or more enclosed structures 712 a . . . 712 n may be in fluidcommunication with the cool and warm loops 708 and 714, as describedabove.

The regeneration module 702 is similar to the regeneration module 104described above with respect to FIG. 1, except that a heat exchanger 720within the regeneration module 702 connects to input and output lines722 and 724 of the heat pump 706. The heat pump 706 also includes inputand output lines 726 and 728 that connect to a heat exchanger 730 withinthe heating module 704. The heat pump 706 circulates refrigerant betweenthe heat exchangers 720 and 730. Examples of refrigerant include R410 a,R404, R134 a, and the like. The refrigerant exchanges sensible energywith the desiccant flowing through the heat exchanger 720 within theregeneration module 702 and water flowing through the heat exchanger 730within the heating module 730. As such, the heat pump 706 may transfersensible energy between the desiccant circulating through theregeneration module 702 and the water circulating through the heatingmodule 704. The heating module 704 may be operated to cool or heat therefrigerant circulating through the heat pump 706. The energy of thecirculating refrigerant is then exchanged with the desiccant circulatingthrough the regeneration module 702.

The system 740 may also include a concentrated desiccant storage tank740 that may be tapped in order to provide additional concentrateddesiccant into the warm loop 714. As such, the concentration of thedesiccant circulating through the warm loop 714 may be altered byinjecting concentrated desiccant from the storage tank 740 directly intothe warm loop 714.

While not shown, a control sub-system, such as the control sub-system112 shown in FIG. 1, may be used to vary the temperature andconcentration of desiccant supplied to the conditioning modules 710. Forexample, the control sub-system may monitor the temperature and humiditylevels of air within each of the enclosed structures 712 a . . . 712 nand adjust the temperature and concentration of the desiccant suppliedto each conditioning module 710 accordingly.

FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic of an energy exchange system 800,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 800includes one or more enclosed structures 802 and 804, each of which isoperatively connected to a conditioning module 806, as described above.A regeneration module 808, such as any of those described above,connects to a warm loop 810, while a water source 814 may connect to acool loop 816.

A heat pump 820 may be disposed between the warm and cool loops 810 and816. The heat pump 820 may be a liquid-to-liquid energy exchanger, forexample. The heat pump 820 includes a first exchange portion 822connected to a second exchange portion 824 through a fluid loop 826. Aportion of the warm loop 810 passes through the first exchange portion822, while a portion of the cool loop 816 passes through the secondexchange portion 824. The fluid loop 826 circulates an energy exchangefluid, such as refrigerant, therein. Thus, the fluid within the fluidloop exchanges sensible energy with the desiccant in the warm loop 810and the cool loop 816. Accordingly, the heat pump 820 serves to ensure atemperature difference between the warm and cool loop 810 and 816. Theheat pump 820 may be used with respect to any of the embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

Additionally, the conditioning modules 806 may be connected by aconnection conduit 830. The connection conduit 830 is configured toconnect to the mixing modules (not shown in FIG. 8) of each of theconditioning modules 806. Two way valves may be disposed at theconnection interfaces. Further, one or more pumps may be disposed withinthe connection conduit 830 and configured to pump desiccant between theconditioning modules 806. The connection conduit 830 allows portions ofthe mixed desiccant within each of the conditioning modules 806 to betransferred from one conditioning module 806 to the other. While notshown, a control sub-system, not shown in FIG. 8, may be used to controlthe transfer of desiccant between the conditioning modules 806. Theconnection conduit 830 may be used with respect to any of theembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic of an enclosed structure 900, accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. Instead of having a singleheat pump between enclosed structures, each enclosed structure 900 mayinclude a separate and distinct heat pump 902 configured to conditiondesiccant. As such, the desiccant may be conditioned locally at orwithin each enclosed structure 900. Further, each enclosed structure 900may include a plurality of LAMEEs 904. The LAMEEs 904 may form a gridthat is secured to a ceiling of the enclosed structure 900. The enclosedstructure 900 shown in FIG. 9 may be used with respect to any of theembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of a method of providing conditionedair to an enclosed structure, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. At 1000, desiccant is circulated through a conditioningLAMEE, which provides conditioned air to the enclosed structure. At1102, the temperature of air within the enclosed structure is monitored.At the same time, at 1104, the humidity level of air within the enclosedstructure is monitored.

At 1106, it is determined whether the temperature of the air within theenclosed structure is too low or too high. If neither, the processreturns to 1102. If, however, the temperature is lower or higher than adesired temperature, the process proceeds to 1108, in which thetemperature level of the desiccant circulating through the conditioningLAMEE is adjusted, changed, or otherwise varied. The process thenreturns to 1102.

At the same time as 1106, it is determined whether the humidity level ofthe air within the enclosed structure is too low or too high. Ifneither, the process returns to 1104. If, however, the humidity level islower or higher than a desired humidity level, the process proceeds to1110, in which the concentration of the desiccant circulating throughthe conditioning LAMEE is adjusted, changed, or otherwise varied. Theprocess then returns to 1104.

As noted, the temperature and humidity monitoring operations may occursimultaneously. Similarly, the temperature and humidity adjustments mayalso occur simultaneously. Alternatively, the temperature and humiditymonitoring operations, as well as the adjustments to temperature andhumidity, may occur at different times.

As explained above, embodiments of the present disclosure providesystems and methods of controlling characteristics and parameters ofdesiccant, for example, that is used to condition air that is to besupplied to one or more enclosed structures. The parameters andcharacteristics that may be varied include desiccant temperature,desiccant concentration, desiccant flow rates, desiccant recirculation,and the like. The temperature of the desiccant may be adjusted throughoperation of the regeneration module and the conditioning module asdescribed above. In one example, the temperature of the desiccant withinthe conditioning module may be varied through energy exchange, and/ormixing the desiccant with concentrated or diluted desiccant. Further,the desiccant may be selectively diluted with water in order to adjustthe concentration of the desiccant. The desiccant temperature may alsobe adjusted locally with a local heat exchanger, for example.

Further, the desiccant flow rate may be modulated through one or morepumps. For example, the flow rate of the desiccant through aconditioning LAMEE may be adjusted to modulate the effectiveness of theconditioning LAMEE.

Additionally, at least a portion of the desiccant may be recirculated orbypassed around the conditioning LAMEE to modulate transfer rate. Themixing of the recirculated desiccant and fresh desiccant may also becontrolled.

Also, each conditioning module may include a desiccant storage tankconfigured to retain local reserves of desiccant. Desiccant from thereserves may be tapped to alter the concentration of desiccant flowingthrough the conditioning module.

The air flow rate through the conditioning LAMEE may also be varied,through the use of fans, for example, in order to modulate theeffectiveness of the conditioning LAMEE. Further, air flow may bediverted or bypassed around the conditioning LAMEE.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system and method ofproviding conditioned air to one or more enclosed structures. Thesystems and methods may independently heat or cool, and/or humidify ordehumidify air within an enclosed structure, zone by zone (for example,in different enclosed structures). The systems and methods utilizedesiccant as an energy transfer medium. In contrast to an air-to-airsystem, the systems and methods of the present disclosure operate atlower cost and consume less energy. Instead of dehumidifying in aconventional manner (such as by cooling to dew point), embodiments ofthe present disclosure provide systems and methods that are able todehumidify air at much higher temperatures, thereby saving energy.Further, the systems and methods of the present disclosure are able tohumidify air without having to generate high temperature steam.

Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems andmethods having two or more conditioning modules, each of which mayinclude a LAMEE. Each conditioning module may be in or proximate to adifferent zone, room, space, or the like. Each zone may be a differentarea of an enclosed structure, or a different enclosed structure.Further, each zone may or may not be connected to another zone.

One or more fluid connected may be between the multiple conditioningmodules. The fluid connection(s) are configured to transfer one or bothof sensible and latent energy between fluid streams. The liquid conveyedthrough the fluid connection(s) may be liquid desiccant, water, glycol,or the like.

Embodiments of the present disclosure, as described above, allow forindependent control of temperature and humidity of each zone, separateand distinct from other zones.

Sensible conditioning may be achieved through distributed heat andcooling systems in each zone, or by a centralized heating and coolingzone that is operatively connected to multiple zones. Similarly, latentconditioning may be achieved through a distributed or centralizeddesiccant conditioning module(s).

Various fluid circuit connections may be used to connect the variouscomponents of the systems described above. Each connection may includedifferent types of pipes, conduits, or the like, that are configured toconvey various types of fluids, such as desiccant, water, glycol, or thelike, at different temperatures, concentrations, etc. It is to beunderstood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited to the specific configurations shown in the Figures.

Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide systems and methodsthat are configured to transfer sensible and latent energy betweenzones. As such, the overall energy demand of the systems may be reduced.

Various embodiments described herein provide a tangible andnon-transitory (for example, not an electric signal) machine-readablemedium or media having instructions recorded thereon for a processor orcomputer to operate a system to perform one or more embodiments ofmethods described herein. The medium or media may be any type of CD-ROM,DVD, floppy disk, hard disk, optical disk, flash RAM drive, or othertype of computer-readable medium or a combination thereof.

The various embodiments and/or components, for example, the controlsub-systems, or components and controllers therein, may also beimplemented as part of one or more computers or processors. The computeror processor may include a computing device, an input device, a displayunit and an interface, for example, for accessing the Internet. Thecomputer or processor may include a microprocessor. The microprocessormay be connected to a communication bus. The computer or processor mayalso include a memory. The memory may include Random Access Memory (RAM)and Read Only Memory (ROM). The computer or processor may also include astorage device, which may be a hard disk drive or a removable storagedrive such as a floppy disk drive, optical disk drive, and the like. Thestorage device may also be other similar means for loading computerprograms or other instructions into the computer or processor.

As used herein, the term “computer,” “control system,” or “controlsub-system” may include any processor-based or microprocessor-basedsystem including systems using microcontrollers, reduced instruction setcomputers (RISC), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs),logic circuits, and any other circuit or processor capable of executingthe functions described herein. The above examples are exemplary only,and are thus not intended to limit in any way the definition and/ormeaning of the term “computer” or “module.”

The computer or processor executes a set of instructions that are storedin one or more storage elements, in order to process input data. Thestorage elements may also store data or other information as desired orneeded. The storage element may be in the form of an information sourceor a physical memory element within a processing machine.

The set of instructions may include various commands that instruct thecomputer or processor as a processing machine to perform specificoperations such as the methods and processes of the various embodimentsof the subject matter described herein. The set of instructions may bein the form of a software program. The software may be in various formssuch as system software or application software. Further, the softwaremay be in the form of a collection of separate programs, a programmodule within a larger program, or a portion of a program module. Thesoftware also may include modular programming in the form ofobject-oriented programming. The processing of input data by theprocessing machine may be in response to user commands, or in responseto results of previous processing, or in response to a request made byanother processing machine.

As used herein, the terms “software” and “firmware” are interchangeable,and include any computer program stored in memory for execution by acomputer, including RAM memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory,and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) memory. The above memory types areexemplary only, and are thus not limiting as to the types of memoryusable for storage of a computer program.

While various spatial and directional terms, such as top, bottom, lower,mid, lateral, horizontal, vertical, front and the like may be used todescribe embodiments of the present disclosure, it is understood thatsuch terms are merely used with respect to the orientations shown in thedrawings. The orientations may be inverted, rotated, or otherwisechanged, such that an upper portion is a lower portion, and vice versa,horizontal becomes vertical, and the like.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to beillustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-describedembodiments (and/or aspects thereof) may be used in combination witheach other. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt aparticular situation or material to the teachings of the variousembodiments of the disclosure without departing from their scope. Whilethe dimensions and types of materials described herein are intended todefine the parameters of the various embodiments of the disclosure, theembodiments are by no means limiting and are exemplary embodiments. Manyother embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art uponreviewing the above description. The scope of the various embodiments ofthe disclosure should, therefore, be determined with reference to theappended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which suchclaims are entitled. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and“in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respectiveterms “comprising” and “wherein.” Moreover, in the following claims, theterms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels,and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.Further, the limitations of the following claims are not written inmeans-plus-function format and are not intended to be interpreted basedon 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, unless and until such claimlimitations expressly use the phrase “means for” followed by a statementof function void of further structure.

This written description uses examples to disclose the variousembodiments of the disclosure, including the best mode, and also toenable any person skilled in the art to practice the various embodimentsof the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems andperforming any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the variousembodiments of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may includeother examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such otherexamples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if theexamples have structural elements that do not differ from the literallanguage of the claims, or if the examples include equivalent structuralelements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages ofthe claims.

1. A system for providing conditioned air to at least one enclosedstructure, the system comprising: at least one conditioning moduleconfigured to provide conditioned air to the at least one enclosedstructure, the at least one conditioning module comprises a conditioningenergy exchanger, wherein the at least one conditioning module isconfigured to circulate desiccant through a desiccant circuit tocondition air passing through the conditioning energy exchanger, whereinthe at least one conditioning module is configured to receive at leastone of concentrated desiccant or diluted desiccant in order to varytemperature or concentration of the desiccant circulating through thedesiccant circuit.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditioningenergy exchanger comprises a conditioning liquid-to-air membrane energyexchanger (LAMEE) configured to exchange sensible and latent energybetween the desiccant and an air stream.
 3. The system of claim 1,wherein the at least one conditioning module includes: a warm tap lineconnecting a heat exchanger of the at least one conditioning module to awarm loop configured to circulate the concentrated desiccanttherethrough; a cool tap line connecting the heat exchanger to a coolloop configured to circulate the diluted desiccant therethrough.
 4. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the at least one conditioning modulecomprises: at least one desiccant mixing chamber configured to receivethe desiccant; a warm tap line connected to the mixing chamber; and acool tap line connected to the mixing chamber, wherein the desiccantmixing chamber is configured to receive one or both of the concentrateddesiccant from the warm tap line and the diluted desiccant from the cooltap line and mix the desiccant therewith.
 5. The system of claim 1,further comprising a desiccant regeneration module configured toregenerate the desiccant.
 6. The system of claim 4, wherein thedesiccant regeneration module comprises a regeneration LAMEE configuredto regenerate the desiccant.
 7. The system of claim 4, furthercomprising a heat source operatively connected to the desiccantregeneration module, wherein the heat source is configured to exchangesensible energy with the desiccant flowing through the desiccantregeneration module.
 8. The system of claim 4, further comprising aheating module operatively connected to the desiccant regenerationmodule through a heat pump.
 9. The system of claim 1, further comprisinga control sub-system configured to control variation of the temperatureand concentration of the desiccant.
 10. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising a water source configured to dilute the desiccant.
 11. Thesystem of claim 1, further comprising a bypass duct configured to bypassairflow around the at least one conditioning module.
 12. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one conditioning module comprises aplurality of conditioning modules, wherein each of the plurality ofconditioning modules are within a separate and distinct zone.
 13. Thesystem of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of conditioningmodules are operatively connected to a one of a plurality of enclosedstructures.
 14. The system of claim 11, further comprising aregeneration module operatively connected to each of the plurality ofconditioning modules.
 15. The system of claim 11, further comprising adesiccant connection conduit connecting at least one of the plurality ofconditioning modules in a first zone to at least another of theplurality of conditioning modules in a second zone that is separate anddistinct from the first zone.
 16. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising: a warm loop configured to circulate the concentrateddesiccant therethrough; and a cool loop configured to circulate thediluted desiccant therethrough.
 17. The system of claim 15, furthercomprising a heat pump operatively connected between the warm and coolloops.
 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising a concentrateddesiccant storage tank connected to the warm loop, wherein theconcentrated desiccant storage tank is configured to provide additionalconcentrated desiccant to the warm loop.
 19. A method of providingconditioned air to at least one enclosed structure, the methodcomprising: monitoring a temperature of air within the at least oneenclosed structure; monitoring a humidity level of the air within the atleast one enclosed structure; conditioning the air within the at leastone enclosed structure with at least one conditioning module, whereinthe conditioning operation includes exchanging sensible and latentenergy between the air and desiccant that circulates through the atleast one conditioning module; controlling the temperature of thedesiccant based on the monitoring a temperature operation; andcontrolling the concentration of the desiccant based on the monitoring ahumidity level operation.
 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the atleast one conditioning module comprises a conditioning liquid-to-airmembrane energy exchanger (LAMEE).
 21. The method of claim 18, furthercomprising: circulating concentrated desiccant through a warm loop thatconnects to the at least one conditioning module; and circulatingdiluted desiccant through a cool loop that connects to the at least oneconditioning module.
 22. The method of claim 20, further comprisingexchanging sensible energy between the warm and cool loops through aheat pump connected therebetween.
 23. The method of claim 20, furthercomprising providing additional concentrated desiccant to the warm loopthrough a concentrated desiccant storage tank.
 24. The method of claim20, wherein the controlling the concentration operation comprises mixingone or both of the concentrated desiccant from the warm loop or thediluted desiccant from the cool loop with the desiccant in a mixingchamber of the at least one conditioning module.
 25. The method of claim20, wherein the controlling the temperature operation comprisesexchanging sensible energy between the desiccant within the at least oneconditioning module with one or both of the concentrated desiccant fromthe warm loop or the diluted desiccant from the cool loop.
 26. Themethod of claim 20, further comprising regenerating the concentrateddesiccant with a desiccant regeneration module.
 27. The method of claim25, wherein the desiccant regeneration module comprises a regenerationLAMEE configured to regenerate the desiccant.
 28. The method of claim25, further comprising: heating a fluid with a heat source; andexchanging sensible energy between the desiccant flowing through thedesiccant regeneration module and the fluid.
 29. The method of claim 25,further comprising operatively connecting a heating module to thedesiccant regeneration module through a heat pump.
 30. The method ofclaim 25, wherein the controlling operations are controlled by a controlsub-system.
 31. The method of claim 18, further comprising diluting thedesiccant with water from a water source.
 32. The method of claim 18,further comprising bypassing airflow around the at least oneconditioning module.
 33. The method of claim 18, wherein the at leastone enclosed structure comprises a plurality of enclosed structures. 34.The method of claim 18, wherein the least one conditioning modulecomprises a plurality of conditioning modules.
 35. The method of claim33, further comprising operatively connecting a regeneration module toeach of the plurality of conditioning modules.
 36. The method of claim33, further comprising: connecting first and second conditioning moduleswith a desiccant connection conduit; and transferring the desiccantbetween the first and second conditioning modules through the desiccantconnection conduit.